SELELEKELA HO MOSEBETSI OA SEBELE - Thuto 1
Thuto ena u tla ithuta:
- 'Maraka oa Forex ke eng
- Ke Hobane'ng ha Maraka oa Forex e nkoa e ikhethang
- Barupeluoa ba Marakeng ke bo-mang
Mehleng ea kajeno 'maraka oa phapanyetsano oa kantle ho naha, hangata o bitsoa: Forex, FX, kapa maraka oa lichelete. Ke khoebo ea lefatše ka bophara kapa "Over the Counter" (OTC) ea lichelete tsa khoebo 'me e ile ea qala ho itšetleha ka 1970 ho ea pele. Maraka oa forex e akarelletsa likarolo tsohle tsa ho reka, ho rekisa le ho fapanyetsana lichelete ka nako ea bona ea morao-rao, kapa theko ea bona e thehiloeng nakong e tlang.
Lebenkele la forex ke maraka a kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara, ho latela BIS (banka ea libaka tsa machaba), letsatsi le leng le le leng forex ea 2016 e ne e le ka karolelano ea $ 5.1 trillion letsatsi le leng le le leng la khoebo. Batho ba ka sehloohong ba kenang 'marakeng ona ke libanka tsa machaba. Ho 2106 Citi e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea mesebetsi ea forex ka 12.9%. JP Morgan e nang le 8.8%, UBS ho 8.8%. Deutsche 7.9% le BoamL 6.4% ba entse karolo e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse hlano tse phahameng tsa khoebo tsa forex.
Lichelete tse rekisoang ka ho fetisisa ke tsa: US dollar ka 87.6%, Euro ho 31.3%, Yen ho 21.6%, e ncha 12.8%, dollar ea Australia ho 6.9%, dollar ea Canada ho 5.1% le Swiss Franc ka 4.8%. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea bohlokoa e hlile e imenne habeli (e leng ea 200%), ka lebaka la lichelete tse rekisoang ka lichelete tsa lichelete. Marakeng hona joale, ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsa 2016 BIS Triennial, lipallo tsa lichelete tse rekisoang ka ho fetisisa li ne li le:
EURUSD: 23.0% USDJPY: 17.7% GBPUSD: 9.2%
Sebaka se seholohali sa khoebo sa libaka tsa forex se London, United Kingdom. Ho hakanngoa hore litlaleho tsa London li ka bapisoa. 35% ea tsohle tsa lichelete tsa kantle ho naha. E le mohlala oa ho busa le ho bohlokoa ha London; ha IMF (International Monetary Fund) e lekanya boleng ba eona ea SDR (litokelo tse khethehileng tsa litšoantšo) letsatsi le leng le le leng la khoebo, li sebelisa litekanyetso tsa 'marakeng London li nepahetse ka nako ea London (GMT) nako eo letsatsing leo. SDR e na le basketball ea lichelete tsa lichelete tsa machaba, tse tšoanang le kamoo palo ea dollar e baloang kateng.
Lebenkele la forex le ka sehloohong le teng ho bahoebi ba lichelete ho fetola lichelete molemong oa bareki ba bona, morero oa bobeli; e le koloi ea likhopolo-taba, ke ka litsela tse ngata sehlahisoa sa morero oa sona sa pele.
Lebenkele la forex le thusa khoebo ea machaba le lichelete ka ho etsa hore chelete e fetohe, mohlala; ka bokhoni ba ho kenyelletsa phapanyetsano ea forex, khampani e thehiloeng Brithani e ka kenya thepa ho tsoa Eurozone 'me e lefa ka li-euro, ho sa tsotellehe chelete ea eona ea malapeng e le lik'hilograma tse sterling. Tsela e tloaelehileng ea chelete ea forex e akarelletsa ho reka chelete e le 'ngoe le e' ngoe.
'Maraka oa phapanyetsano oa kantle ho naha o nkoa e le o ikhethang hobane o na le litšobotsi tse latelang:
- Khoebo e kholo ea hoo e ka bang $ 5.1 trillion ka letsatsi, e emelang sehlopheng sa thepa e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefats'eng, e leng se etsang hore ho be le chelete e ngata.
- Lefatše le fihlile, ka ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le ho fihlella lihora tsa 24 ka letsatsi matsatsi a mahlano ka beke; khoebo ho tloha 22: 00 GMT ka Sontaha (Sydney) ho fihlela 22: 00 GMT Labohlano (New York).
- Lintho tse fapa-fapaneng tse rarahaneng le liketsahalo tsa litaba tse amang liphetoho tsa lichelete
- Meeli e tlase ea phaello e lekanyelitsoeng, ha e bapisoa le maraka a mang a chelete e lekaneng.
- Tšebeliso ea mekhoa e metle ea ho ntlafatsa phaello le tahlehelo.
Khoebo ea maraka ea holimo ka nako e telele e etsahala haholo-holo ka lichelete tsa lichelete le libanka tsa lichelete, tse sebetsang ka maemo a 'maloa Litšebetso tsena li atisa ho khannoa ka palo e nyenyane ea likhoebo tsa lichelete tse tsejoang e le "barekisi". Boholo ba barekisi ba forex ke libanka, kahoo sebaka sena sa khoebo se bitsoa "marakeng oa interbank". Litlhahiso pakeng tsa barekisi ba lichelete tsa kantle ho naha li ka kenyelletsa limilione tse makholo tsa lichelete. Khoebo ea Forex e ikhetha ka lebaka la bobusi bo thibelang mookameli ka kakaretso hore a se ke a laola indasteri le mesebetsi.
Histori ea Khoebo ea Forex bakeng sa Bahoebi ka bomong
Pele ho thehoa liforomo tsa khoebo tsa forex qetellong ea 90s, khoebo ea forex e ne e lekanyelitsoe haholo mekhatlong e kholo ea lichelete. Ka ho hōla ha marang-rang, mananeo a khoebo, le forex brokers e lumellang khoebo marakeng, khoebo ea thekiso e ile ea qala ho tšoara. Bahoebi ka bomong, ba lebenkeleng ba se ba khonne ho rekisa seo re se re "mesebetsi ea lichelete tsa letheba" le barekisi, barekisi le baetsi ba 'maraka ho seo ho thoeng "margin"; bahoebi ba lokela ho beha kotsing e nyenyane feela lekholong la boholo ba khoebo, ho reka le ho rekisa lipara tse peli ka metsotsoana.
Moloko oa pele oa forex inthaneteng ea ho rekisa meralo e ile ea phela qetellong ea 1990. Theknoloji ea Inthanete e lumelletse khoebo ea ho rekisa phapanyetsano ea lichelete ho hlahisa litsela tse tobileng tsa bareki ba fihlella limmaraka ho rekisa lipaha tsa lichelete ka khoebo ho tloha lik'homphieutha tsa bona
Mekhoa ea ho rekisa e ne e thehiloe mananeong a mantlha ka lik'homphieutha tsa motho ka bomong, ka mohlala; e ntseng e tsebahala haholoanyane MetaTrader 4, likarolo tse tsoetseng pele tse kang ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba le theknoloji li lateloa ka potlako E latelang e fetela pele ho ea ho se bitsoang "li-plateform tse thehiloeng ho web" le lisebelisoa tsa thepa tse kang; matlapa le li-smartphone. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho tloha ka 2010, ho 'nile ha e-ba le ho tsepamisa mohopolo o matla ho nts'etsopele ea ho kenyelletsa lithulusi tsa khoebo tse iketselitseng lipampeng, khoebo ea khoebo le khoebo / liipone tsa khoebo marakeng oa forex, hape li hōlile haholo.
Ho latela lipatlisiso tsa BIS tsa morao-rao tse boletsoeng pejana, litsi tse peli tse ka sehloohong tsa khoebo ea maiketsetso ea FX ke USA le UK, boemo bo sa kang ba fetoha ho tloha khoebong ea kajeno ea 'internet' e qalile ho 1990. Tlaleho e fana ka maikutlo a hore litlaleho tsa khoebo ea mabenkele (ea bohlokoa haholo) 5.5% ea ts'ebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ka kakaretso ea $ 5.1 trillion ka ts'ebeliso ea letsatsi.
Barupeluoa ba mmarakeng ba kenyang letsoho khoebong ea forex ke haholo-holo: lik'hamphani tsa khoebo, libanka tse bohareng, ho lokisa lichelete tsa kantle ho naha, lifeme tsa taolo ea matsete, lifeme tse seng tsa banka tsa forex, ho fetisa chelete / liofisi tsa phetoho lifeme, mebuso, libanka tse bohareng le barekisi ba phapanyetsano ba kantle ho naha.
Tlhahiso ea forex ea thepa e rekisoang ke karolo ea khoebo ea bahoebi le bahoebi ba amehang ho eona, ba tsamaisa litšebelisano tsa bona forex (mekhoa) ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea barekisi ba forex ba rekisetsang ba fanang ka monyetla oa khoebo ea ho rekisetsa chelete; barekisi, kapa barekisi / baetsi ba 'maraka. Barekisi ba sebetsa e le moemeli oa moreki FX marakeng ho fumana litheko tse ntle ka ho fetisisa marakeng bakeng sa taelo e fokolang ka ho sebetsana molemong oa bareki ba rekisa. Barekisi ba tla lefisa komiti, kapa "mark-up" ho phaella ho theko e fumanoang 'marakeng, e le ho etsa phaello. Le hoja barekisi, kapa baetsi ba 'maraka, ba sebetsa e le lihlooho tsa khoebo, ha e le hantle ba rekisa ho ea ho bareki ba thekiso, ba qotsa theko eo ba e etsang le barekisi / baetsi ba' maraka ba ikemiselitseng ho sebetsana le eona.
