Imali enzima vs imali ethambileyo
Iimali ezomeleleyo ziyaziwa ngokungaguquguquki kwazo kwaye zamkelwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zimali zivela rhoqo kumazwe azinzileyo ngokwezoqoqosho nakhuselekileyo ngokwezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, iimali ezibuthathaka zidla ngokubonisa umgangatho ophantsi wozinzo kwaye aziqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa njengesiqhelo kwiintengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ezisuka kumazwe anamanqanaba asezantsi ophuhliso loqoqosho.
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweemali ezinzima kunye nezithambileyo kubalulekile kubarhwebi. Olu lwazi lunceda ekwenzeni ukhetho olufundileyo lokurhweba kwaye lukwaphucula ukuqonda iipateni zezoqoqosho zehlabathi. Ngokuhlalutya ukusebenza kwezi ntlobo zemali kwimarike ye-forex, abarhwebi banokusingatha ngempumelelo imingcipheko kwaye babone amathuba anokwenzeka.
Imali enzima
Imali enzima, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimali eyomeleleyo, ibonakala ngokuzinza kwayo kunye nokuthandwa ngokubanzi kwiimarike zehlabathi. Ezi zimali zidla ngokunxulunyaniswa namazwe anoqoqosho oluluqilima, ulawulo olusebenzayo, kunye neemeko zezopolitiko ezizinzileyo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zezemali zehlabathi.
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zeemali ezinzima kukuthembeka kwazo kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ixabiso njengoko ixesha lihamba. Ukuchasa kwabo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokutshintsha kwamaxabiso otshintshiselwano kubenza babonwe njengendlela yotyalo-mali ekhuselekileyo ngamaxesha okungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho. Ngaphaya koko, iimali ezisebenza nzima zisetyenziswa njengemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zihlala zigcinwa njengemali egcinwe ziibhanki ezingoovimba kunye namaziko emali kwihlabathi liphela.
Ezinye iimali ezaziwayo-kakuhle zibandakanya iDola yaseMelika (USD), iEuro (EUR), kunye neBritish Pound Sterling (GBP). Ngokomzekelo, i-USD idume ngokunqabiseka kwayo kurhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nemicimbi yezemali. I-Euro isetyenziswa kakhulu kuyo yonke iManyano yaseYurophu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwengingqi nolwehlabathi. Ngendlela efanayo, i-GBP igcina indawo ephawulekayo kwindawo yezemali ngenxa yembali yezoqoqosho eqinile yase-UK. Ezi zimali zibonisa iimpawu ezichonga imali njenge 'nzima,' enefuthe kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho yehlabathi kunye nezicwangciso zokurhweba kwangaphambili.
Imali ethambileyo
Imali ethambileyo ichongwa ngokungazinzi kunye nokuthintelwa kokusetyenziswa ngaphaya komhlaba wayo. Ngesiqhelo, ezi zimali zisuka kumazwe anoqoqosho olungaqinanga kangako, izinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, okanye iimeko zezopolitiko ezixengaxengayo. Ukungathembeki kuzinzo lwezoqoqosho kwezi zizwe kunciphisa umtsalane weemali zazo kwimarike yehlabathi.
Iimali ezithambileyo zihlala zibonisa ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kwixabiso labo kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano, anokuthi abeke inqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko kubarhwebi nabatyali-mali bangaphandle. Bavame ukulahlekelwa ixabiso ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa neemali ezizinzileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha lobunzima bezoqoqosho okanye ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko. Ngaphezu koko, iimali ezithambileyo ziqhelekile ekusetyenzisweni kwazo kurhwebo lwehlabathi ngenxa yokungamkeleki kwazo ngokubanzi ngaphandle kwamazwe azo.
Iimali ezithambileyo zifumaneka ikakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo. Ngokomzekelo, iBolivar yaseVenezuela kunye neNaira yaseNigeria ithathwa njengeemali ezibuthathaka ngenxa yobunzima bezoqoqosho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yemali engazinzanga kumazwe abo. Ezi zimali zihlala zihlangabezana nemida kwiimarike zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, zibangela ukuba abarhwebi balumke kuzo ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo okungalindelekanga kunye nokubakho kwelahleko enkulu.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukuhlelwa kwemali
Imiba eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo ichaphazela ukuhlelwa kweemali njengenzima okanye ethambileyo, zonke zidlala indima ekumiseleni ukuma kwemali yehlabathi kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Ukuqonda le miba kunceda abarhwebi kunye neengcali zezoqoqosho ekuqikeleleni iintshukumo zemali kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemali.
Uzinzo lwezoqoqosho lwelizwe lasekhaya yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokomelela kwemali. Amazwe anoqoqosho oluqinileyo, ukuhla kwamandla emali okuzinzile, kunye neenkqubo zezimali eziqinileyo zidla ngokubuyisela iimali ezomeleleyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintlanga ezijongene nemingeni yezoqoqosho, njengokunyuka kwamaxabiso amakhulu kunye nomthwalo wamatyala, zivame ukuba neemali ezibuthathaka.
Uzinzo lwezopolitiko: Ukuqinisekisa amandla emali kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubukho bemeko yezopolitiko ezinzile. Amazwe anorhulumente ozinzileyo, imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo, norhwaphilizo olungephi atyekele ngakumbi ekubeni iimali zawo zibhalwe njengezinamandla. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amazwe ajongene nezidubedube zezopolitiko okanye iingxaki zolawulo ahlala ehla imali yawo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni abhalwe njengabuthathaka.
Ukuthembeka kwemali kwimarike yehlabathi nako kubalulekile. Iimali ezivela kumazwe athathwa njengethembekile kwaye anokuthenjwa zidla ngokugcina ixabiso lazo ngempumelelo kwiimarike zehlabathi.
Isixa semali ekurhweba ngaso kwiimarike zehlabathi simisela ukuba ihlelwa njani na. Iimali ezinzima zihlala zimanzi kakhulu kwaye zithengiswa rhoqo, ezinceda ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo. Ukungazinzanga kunye nokuthanda ukuguquguquka ziimali ezithambileyo ezinokufikelela umda kwihlabathi jikelele.
Iziphumo zeemali ezinzima kunye nezithambileyo kwintengiso yemali
Ukwahlula imali kwiindidi ezinzima okanye ezithambileyo zichaphazela kakhulu izicwangciso, ulawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nokwenza izigqibo kwi-forex yorhwebo. Abarhwebi kufuneka bahlengahlengise izicwangciso zabo ngokohlobo lwemali ukwenzela ukwandisa iziphumo kunye nokulawula imingcipheko ngokufanelekileyo.
Izicwangciso zokurhweba: Iimali ezomeleleyo ngokuqhelekileyo zixhasa izicwangciso zokurhweba ezithembeke ngakumbi kwaye zingaphantsi komngcipheko ngenxa yozinzo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi. Ezi zimali zithandwa kwiintengiselwano ezijolise kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide okanye ukhuseleko kwiimali ezihlayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iindlela zokurhweba ezinxulumene neemali ezibuthathaka zinokujolisa kwinzuzo ekhawulezayo ngokusebenzisa ukungaqiniseki kwazo, ngelixa zifuna iindlela eziphambili zokulawula umngcipheko.
Uvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nokulawulwa kweemali ezithambileyo kubandakanya imingcipheko eyandisiweyo ngenxa yobume bayo obungazinzanga kunye nenqanaba elisezantsi lokuqikelela. Abarhwebi abasebenza ngezi zimali kufuneka basebenzise iindlela zokuvavanya umngcipheko ngononophelo, njengemiyalelo yokuyeka ilahleko kunye nobungakanani bendawo, ukunciphisa ilahleko enokwenzeka. Uhlalutyo lwemarike rhoqo luyafuneka ukuqikelela utshintsho olungalindelekanga lwezoqoqosho okanye lwezopolitiko olunokuthi lube nefuthe kwixabiso leemali.
Izinto eziluncedo zokujongana neemali ezinzima: Ukurhweba ngeemali ezinzima kuneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukonyuka kwemali, ukuvunywa kwemarike ngokubanzi, kunye nokuncipha kokusasazeka ngokubanzi. Ezi zinto zibenza ukuba babe lolona khetho lukhuselekileyo kurhwebo olulondolozayo kunye nokulungiselela ukungena kwiimarike zemali zehlabathi.
Imiqobo abajongana nayo abarhwebi abasebenzisa imali ethambileyo ibandakanya ukunyibilika kokuhlawula amatyala, ukwanda okubanzi, kunye nokwanda kokuba sesichengeni kwizothuso zangaphandle ezifana neengxabano zelizwe okanye ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho. Ezi zinto zifuna ukuba abarhwebi baqaphele kwaye bathathe inyathelo lokulawula ngokufanelekileyo izikhundla zabo zemali.
eziyimpumelelo
I-Case study 1: Ingxaki kwi-eurozone
Kumazwe aliqela e-EU, iinkxalabo malunga namanqanaba etyala kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho ngexesha lengxaki yamatyala aseYurophu kukhokelele ekuguquguqukeni okubalulekileyo kwixabiso le-Euro. Ngeli xesha, i-Euro yehla ngexabiso xa kuthelekiswa neemali ezinamandla ezifana ne-USD kunye ne-JPY. Abarhwebi be-Forex basebenzise eli thuba ngokubheja kwi-Euro, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezi zimali zinamandla, bezuza kwi-Euro yokwehla phakathi kobunzima.
I-Case study 2: Ukuvela kwe-Swiss Franc
NgoJanuwari 2015, iBhanki yeSizwe yaseSwitzerland yaphakamisa ngokumangalisayo i-cap kwi-CHF xa kuthelekiswa ne-Euro, ebangela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso le-Swiss Franc-imali eqinile eyaziwayo ngokuzinza kwayo. Abarhwebi ababezibekele inzuzo kumandla e-CHF babone inzuzo enkulu, ngelixa abo kwelinye icala bafumana ilahleko enkulu, begxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yolawulo lomngcipheko kwintengiso ye-forex.
I-Case study 3: Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-Peso yase-Argentina
Ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kubangele ukuhla kwexabiso elikhulu kwi-Peso yase-Argentina, ethathwa njengemali ebuthathaka. Abarhwebi abanamava basebenzise oku kuguquguquka ngokwenza urhwebo oluqikelelwayo, ukubheja rhoqo ngokuchasene nePeso xa uqikelelo lwezoqoqosho lucebisa ukwehla, kunye nenzuzo ekunyukeni kokuguquguquka.
Ezi zifundo zikhankanyiweyo ziyimfuneko ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kubathengisi be-forex abajolise ekukhuliseni ukuqonda kwabo ukuguquka kweemarike kunye nokuziphatha kwemali. Le mizekelo ibambekayo ibonisa indlela iziganeko zoqoqosho oluchaphazela ngayo amaxabiso emali, inika ulwazi kulawulo lwengozi kunye nokucwangciswa kobuchule.
Ukufunda kwixesha elidlulileyo: Abarhwebi banokufumana ulwazi malunga neempendulo zemali kwiimeko ezifanayo ngokuhlalutya iziganeko zembali ezifana ne-Euro crisis okanye i-Swiss Franc uvaluation. Abarhwebi banokuqikelela ukutshintshwa kweemarike ngokuqonda izizathu kunye neziphumo zezi ziganeko.
Uphuhliso lwezicwangciso-qhinga: Ezi zifundo zamatyala zibonisa iimeko zangempela zendlela abahwebi abaye basabela ngayo kwiimeko zeemarike ezizodwa. Oku kuqonda kunceda ukuphucula amaqhinga okurhweba, ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekwazini ukuba ungene nini kwaye uphume nini kurhwebo, usebenzisa amandla eemali, kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nobuthathaka.
Ukwandisa imbonakalo yemarike: Ukuphonononga iimeko ezahlukeneyo kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi (ezifana noqoqosho oluphuhlileyo eYurophu xa kuthelekiswa norhwebo oluvelayo lwaseArgentina) kunceda abarhwebi bandise imbono yabo kwaye bajonge iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemarike.
isiphelo
Iimali ezinzima ezifana ne-USD, i-EUR, kunye ne-GBP ziyaziwa ngokuzinza kwazo, ukwamkelwa okubanzi, kunye nendima njengemali yokugcina imali kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi mpawu zibhenela kubarhwebi abafuna utyalo-mali olunomngcipheko omncinci. Kwelinye icala, iimali ezithambileyo ezifana neBolivar yaseVenezuela kunye neNaira yaseNigeria zidityaniswe nokungazinzi okwandileyo kunye nokuthintelwa kokuqatshelwa kwehlabathi, kubeka imiqobo eyahlukileyo kunye nemivuzo enokubakho kubarhwebi be-forex.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda le yantlukwano akunakugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo. Ukuchonga ukuba imali ihlelwa njengabathengisi abanzima okanye abathambileyo ekudaleni izicwangciso ezingcono zokurhweba, ukuphatha imingcipheko ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuhamba kwimarike ye-forex eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nempumelelo enkulu. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi malunga nozinzo lwemali kunye neembono zemarike ngobuchule kunokukhusela utyalo-mali kwiingxaki zemali zehlabathi kwaye kuthathe ithuba lokutshintsha kwexabiso lemali.
Ukushwankathela, ukukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweemali ezinamandla kunye nobuthathaka bubuchule obuphambili kubo bonke abarhwebi be-forex. Inceda ekwenzeni izigqibo kwaye iphucula amandla omthengisi ukulungelelanisa nokwenza imali kwiinguqu zemarike.
