Kodi kusintha kwa ndalama kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji

Padziko lonse lapansi, ndalama zimagulitsidwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pali ndalama zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, monga dola ya ku America, yuro, yen ya ku Japan, ndi paundi yaku Britain. Dola yaku US imadziwika ndi mphamvu zake kuposa ndalama zina kuphatikiza, zomwe zimapitilira 87% yazochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mtengo wosinthira ndalama ndi mlingo womwe unit imodzi yandalama inayake ingagulitsidwe ndi ndalama ina. Zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mitengo yosinthanitsa ndi msika, zimayikidwa pamisika yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi komwe amagulitsidwa ndi mabanki ogulitsa, hedge funds ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. Kusintha kwamitengo yamsika kumatha kuchitika mphindi, ola lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse ndikusintha pang'ono kapena kwakukulu. Mlingo wa dera linalake mosiyana ndi wina nthawi zambiri umadalira zinthu zingapo monga zochitika zachuma zomwe zikuchitika, kusintha kwa chiwongoladzanja chamsika, ndalama zonse zapakhomo, ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Mumsika wa forex, mitengo yakusinthana imanenedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera ndalama za dziko. Mawu akuti USD, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira dola ya US, pamene EUR imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira euro ndi GBP, kuimira mapaundi a British. Mtengo wosinthanitsa woyimira mapaundi motsutsana ndi dollar udzanenedwa ngati GBP/USD monga momwe dollar motsutsana ndi yen yaku Japan ingatchulidwe ngati USD/JPY.

Kusintha kwa kachitidwe ka mitengo yosinthira

Mitengo yosinthira ikhoza kukhala yoyandama yaulere kapena yokhazikika. Kusinthana kokhazikika kumatsatiridwa ku mtengo wa ndalama ina ngakhale kuti imayandamabe, koma imayandama limodzi ndi ndalama yomwe yatsatiridwa.

Chaka cha 1930 chisanafike, mitengo yosinthira zinthu padziko lonse inali yokhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo ya golidi isanavomerezedwe ndi anthu ambiri. Ndi dongosololi, mayiko adatha kubwezeretsa ndalama zawo ndi ndalama zothandizidwa ndi golide, makamaka madola aku US ndi mapaundi aku Britain. Bungwe la International Monetary Fund (IMF) linali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa ndalama zosinthira ndalama zokhazikika mpaka zaka za m'ma 1970 pamene US inakakamizika kusiya mulingo uliwonse wolamulidwa ndi golide chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa golide. Chotsatira chake, ndondomeko ya ndalama zapadziko lonse inayamba kukhazikitsidwa pa dola monga ndalama zosungirako ndalama chifukwa chakuti dola ya US inatha kukwaniritsa malonda amphamvu padziko lonse kudzera mu chitukuko cha dongosolo lonse lomwe linayendetsa kusinthasintha kwa malonda a mayiko ndi akuluakulu. maiko adakwera ku dollar yaku US. Kumbali ina, mayiko ena amalola kuti ndalama zawo ziziyandama momasuka. Pali zinthu zingapo zachuma zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yakusinthana kwaulele, zomwe zimapangitsa kukwera ndi kutsika.

Mitengo yosinthira ilinso ndi zomwe zimadziwika kuti mtengo wamalo, kapena mtengo wamsika, womwe umayimira msika wapawiri wandalama. Athanso kukhala ndi mtengo wotsogola, womwe umatengera kukwera kapena kutsika kwandalama motsutsana ndi mtengo wake. Izi zimadalira kwambiri kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja. Mitengo yosinthitsa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi pano imayang'aniridwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndalama zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi boma la dziko kapena banki yayikulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yosinthira ndalama

Kumvetsetsa kusinthana kwa ndalama zandalama n'kofunika kwambiri kuti osunga ndalama azisanthula zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa mu ndalama zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsetsa kusintha kwa dollar kupita ku yuro ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa wobwereketsa waku US akamaganizira zabizinesi kudziko lina la ku Europe. Chifukwa chake, ngati mtengo wa dollar yaku US ukutsika, mtengo wandalama zakunja ukhoza kuchulukirachulukira, ngakhale zili choncho, kukwera kwa mtengo wa dollar yaku US kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamabizinesi akunja.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi apaulendo ochokera kumayiko ena omwe amayenera kusinthanitsa ndalama zawo zapakhomo ndi ndalama za komwe akupita. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe munthu wapaulendo adzalandira pamtengo womwe wapatsidwa wa ndalama ya kwawo zimatengera mtengo wogulitsira, mtengo womwe ndalama yakunja imagulitsidwa ndi ndalama ya komweko pomwe mtengo wogula uli mtengo womwe ndalama zakunja zimagulidwa. ndi ndalama zakomweko.

Tangoganizani kuti munthu wapaulendo wochokera ku United States kupita ku France akufuna Yuro yokwana 300 USD akafika ku France. Poganizira zakusinthana mwina ku 2.00, pomwe Dollars / mtengo wosinthira = Yuro. Pankhaniyi, $ 300 idzabweza € 150.00 pobwezera.

Pamapeto paulendo, lingalirani kuti kwatsala € 50. Ngati ndalama zosinthira zatsikira ku 1.5, ndalama za dollar zomwe zatsala zidzakhala $75.00. (€50 x 1.5 = $75.00)

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yakusinthana

Msika wosinthira ndalama zakunja ndi wovuta kwambiri kuposa misika yamasheya kapena ma bond. Kuneneratu za ndalama zakunja kumafuna kulosera momwe chuma chonse chikuyendera. Posankha mitengo yosinthira, Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti mitengo yosinthira ndi yocheperako osati yokwanira ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zofunika kuziganizira. Pansipa pali zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mitengo yakusinthana.

Zoyembekeza zamtengo wamtsogolo

Mtengo waposachedwa kwambiri pamsika uliwonse wandalama sukuwonetsa momwe msika uliri pano, koma za msika wakale. Choncho, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira kusinthana pakati pa mayiko awiri ndizoyembekeza zamtsogolo. Mawu akuti "zoyembekeza zam'tsogolo" amamveka osamveka bwino komanso achidule. Chabwino, funso lotsatira likubuka, "zoyembekeza za chiyani?" M'magawo otsatirawa, tifotokoza zoyembekeza zosiyanasiyana kuti tiyang'ane zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yakusinthana.

Ndondomeko zandalama zomwe zikukhudza mitengo yosinthira

Kusiyana kwa ndondomeko zandalama pakati pa maulamuliro awiri kumathandizira kusinthasintha kwa kusinthana kwawo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa poyerekezera ndondomeko zandalama za madera awiri aliwonse.

1. Kutsika kwazo: Mtengo wosinthitsa ndi wofanana ndi mayunitsi a ndalama imodzi poyerekeza ndi ndalama zina. Tiyerekeze kuti ndalama imodzi ikukumana ndi kutsika kwa mitengo pamlingo wa 7% ndipo ina pamlingo wa 2.5%, kusintha kulikonse pamtundu uliwonse wa inflation kudzakhala ndi zotsatira pa kusintha kwa ndalama. Mitengo ya inflation imakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pakusinthana koma sikuti nthawi zonse imayimira zochitika zonse. Otenga nawo gawo pamsika atha kugwiritsanso ntchito kuyerekezera kwawo kwa kukwera kwa mitengo kuti afike pamtengo wosinthanitsa.
2. Chiwongola dzanja: Otsatsa akamayika ndalama pazachuma china, amapeza phindu potengera chiwongola dzanja cha ndalama zomwe amagulitsamo. Chifukwa chake, ngati wogulitsa ndalama ali ndi ndalama zomwe zimapeza zokolola za 6% m'malo mopeza zokolola za 3%, ndalama zawo zitha kukhala. zopindulitsa kwambiri chifukwa zokolola pa chiwongoladzanja zidzaphatikizidwanso kumitengo ya msika. Chifukwa chake kusintha kulikonse komwe kuchitike pa chiwongola dzanja kudzakhudza kwambiri mtengo wandalama. Zimangotengera kusintha pang'ono kwa chiwongola dzanja ndi banki yayikulu kuti muyambitse chidwi chachikulu pamsika.

Ndondomeko Zachuma zomwe zikukhudza mitengo yakusinthana

Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko zandalama zimayendetsedwa ndi banki yayikulu ya dziko, ndondomeko zachuma zimayendetsedwa ndi boma. Ndondomeko zachuma ndizofunikira chifukwa zimaneneratu za kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya ndalama.

1. Kuperewera kwa ndalama za boma: Boma la dziko lomwe lili ndi ngongole zambiri za boma liyenera kulipira chiwongola dzanja chambiri. Ngongole ndi mtengo wa chiwongola dzanja ukhoza kulipidwa kuchokera kumisonkho yake monga ndalama zomwe zilipo kale. Kupanda kutero, dzikolo lipanga ndalama zangongole yake posindikiza ndalama zambiri.

Ngongole yayikulu ya anthu ili ndi zovuta zomwe zidzawonekere posachedwa mwachitsanzo, idagulidwa kale pamsika wa forex. Zindikirani kuti ngongole za boma za mayiko zingayerekezedwe pang'ono ndi mzake, koma ndalama zonse zingakhale zosafunika kwenikweni.

2. Kuchepa kwa Bajeti: Monga kalambulabwalo wa ngongole ya anthu, Izi zimakhudza kwambiri kusintha kwa ndalama chifukwa maboma amawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe ali nazo ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi vuto la bajeti lomwe liyenera kulipidwa ndi ngongole.

3. Kukhazikika Pandale: Kukhazikika kwa ndale kwa dziko kulinso kofunikira kwambiri pamtengo wandalama yake. Ndondomeko yamakono yamakono yomwe ili dongosolo la ndalama za Fiat imadziwika kuti si kanthu koma lonjezo la boma. Choncho, pa nthawi ya zipolowe za ndale, pamakhala ngozi yoti lonjezo la boma lomwe lilipo likhoza kuthetsedwa ngati boma latsopano litenga ulamuliro. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti boma la m’tsogolo lingasankhe kutulutsa ndalama zake ngati njira yokhazikitsira ulamuliro wake. Pachifukwachi, nthawi zonse dziko likakhudzidwa ndi chipwirikiti cha geopolitical, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa ndalama zake poyerekeza ndi ndalama zina.

4. Malingaliro amsika ndi zochitika zongoyerekeza: Pomaliza, msika wa Forex umakhala wongopeka kwambiri nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mwayi wopezerapo mwayi wamalonda omwe ali ndi ngongole zambiri zomwe zimalola amalonda kubweza ndalama zomwe apeza m'misika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake malingaliro ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pamsika wa Forex kuposa momwe amachitira pagulu lina lililonse lazachuma chifukwa chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mogwirizana ndi misika ina, msika wa Forex umakhalanso ndi zongopeka zomwe zimatha kusokoneza mwayi wanthawi yayitali komanso wautali nthawi imodzi.

Kutsiliza

Pozindikira mitengo yosinthira ndalama, kusinthana kwa golide ndi International Monetary Fund (IMF) zidawonjezera kukhazikika pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi pomwe analinso ndi zovuta zawo. Poyika ndalama kuzinthu zomwe zili ndi malire, msika umakhala wosasunthika ndi kuthekera kuti dziko likhoza kudzipatula kudziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ndi ndalama zoyandama zomwe zimayendetsedwa bwino, mayiko akulimbikitsidwa kuchita malonda.