MAU OYAMBA KU MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA - Phunziro 1

Mu phunziro ili mudzaphunzira:

• Kodi Market Forex ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa chiyani Msika wa Zamalonda umawonedwa ngati wapadera
• Otsatsa Msika ndi ndani?

Msika wamakono wamayiko akunja, nthawi zambiri umatchedwa: Forex, FX, kapena msika wamalonda. Ili ndi msika wadziko lonse kapena "Over the Counter" (OTC) ya ndalama zamalonda ndipo inayamba kusintha kuchokera pa 1970's onward. Msika wam'tsogolo umaphatikizapo mbali zonse za kugula, kugulitsa ndi kusinthanitsa ndalama pakalipano, kapena mitengo yawo yotsimikiziridwa mtsogolo.

 Msika wamakono ndi msika waukulu padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi BIS (banki ya mayiko ena), tsiku ndi tsiku forex chiwerengero cha 2016 chinali pafupifupi $ 5.1 triliyoni tsiku lirilonse la malonda. Ambiri omwe amagwira nawo msika uwu ndi mabanki apadziko lonse. Mu 2106 Citi anali ndi udindo wochuluka kwambiri wa malonda a forex pa 12.9%. JP Morgan ndi 8.8%, UBS pa 8.8%. Deutsche 7.9% ndi BoamL 6.4% amapanga mpumulo wa mabungwe asanu oyambirira a malonda a forex.

 Ndalama zogulitsidwa kwambiri ndi mtengo ndi: US dollar pa 87.6%, Euro pa 31.3%, Yen ku 21.6%, yochepa pa 12.8%, $ dollar ku 6.9%, $ dollar ku 5.1% ndi Swiss franc ku 4.8%. Mtengo uliwonse umadulidwa mobwerezabwereza (kuwonetsa 200%), chifukwa ndalama zimagulitsidwa ngati ndalama ziwiri. Msika umenewo, malinga ndi 2016 BIS Triennial Survey, magulu awiri a ndalama omwe ankagulitsidwa kwambiri anali:

EURUSD: 23.0% USDJPY: 17.7% GBPUSD: 9.2% 

Malo aakulu kwambiri a malonda a malo a forex ndi ku London, United Kingdom. Zikuyesa kuti akaunti za ku London pafupifupi. 35% ya zonse zogulitsa zosinthana. Monga chitsanzo cha kulamulira ndi kufunika kwa London; pamene IMF (International Monetary Fund) ikuwerengera mtengo wa SDR (ufulu wapadera wokongola) tsiku lirilonse la malonda, amagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa msika wa London pa nthawi ya London (GMT) nthawi imeneyo tsikulo. SDR imaphatikizapo dengu la ndalama zamayiko akunja, mofanana ndi momwe dera likuwerengera.

Msika wa forex makamaka ulipo kwa amalonda a malonda kuti asinthanitse ndalama m'malo mwa makasitomala awo, cholinga chake chachiwiri; monga galimoto yoganiza, ndi njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiyambi.

 Msika wamakono umathandizira malonda ndi maiko akunja padziko lonse poyesa kusintha kwa ndalama, mwachitsanzo; Pogwiritsa ntchito luso loyambitsirana, kampani yochokera ku Britain ikhoza kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku Eurozone ndikulipira ndi euro, ngakhale ndalama zapakhomo zikukhala mapaundi sterling. Zowonongeka ndalama zogulitsa ndalama zimaphatikizapo kugula ndalama zambiri ndi wina.

 Msika wogulitsa kusuntha umawoneka kuti ndi wapadera chifukwa uli ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa:

• Kuchita malonda kwakukulu kwa pafupifupi $ 5.1 trilioni patsiku, kuimira kalasi yaikulu kwambiri yothandizira pa dziko lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
• Dziko lonse lapansi lifike, ndi ntchito yopitirira ndi maola 24 maola tsiku limodzi masiku asanu pa sabata; malonda kuchokera ku 22: 00 GMT Lamlungu (Sydney) mpaka 22: 00 GMT Lachisanu (New York).
• Zinthu zovuta komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa ndalama.
• Mphepete mwazitali za phindu laling'ono, poyerekeza ndi misika ina ya ndalama zosakwanira.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka kukweza mapindu ndi malire.

Malonda a msika wamakono amachitika makamaka kudzera m'mabungwe azachuma ndi mabanki osungira ndalama, omwe akugwira ntchito pamagulu angapo. Zogulitsazi zimayendetsedwa kudzera ku makampani ang'onoang'ono a zachuma omwe amatchedwa "ogulitsa". Ambiri amalonda a mabanki ndi mabanki, choncho malonda amenewa amatchedwa "market interbank". Malonda pakati pa ogulitsa malonda angagwirizane ndi magulu mazana ambirimbiri a ndalama. Kuwonetsa zamalonda kuli kosiyana chifukwa cha zokhudzana ndi ulamuliro womwe ukulepheretsa woyang'anira wamkulu kuti athetsere malonda ndi ntchito zake. 

Mbiri Yotsatsa Ngongole kwa Ogulitsa Aokha

Asanayambe kulenga nsomba zam'tsogolo zamalonda kumapeto kwa 90s, malonda a forex anali makamaka kwa mabungwe aakulu azachuma. Ndi kukula kwa intaneti, mapulogalamu a malonda, ndi forex brokers kulola malonda pamtunda, malonda ogulitsa anayamba kugwira. Otsatsa malonda, omwe akugulitsa payekha tsopano akutha kugulitsa zomwe timatcha "ntchito zamalonda" ndi ogulitsa, ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa malonda pa zomwe zimatchedwa "malire"; ochita malonda ayenera kuika kokha chiwerengero chochepa cha kukula kwenikweni kwa malonda, kugula ndi kugulitsa mapepala ang'onoang'ono mumasekondi.

Mbadwo woyamba wa chitukuko pamalonda a malonda ankapita kumapeto kwa 1990's. Zipangizo zamakono zogulitsa malonda ogulitsa malonda akunja kuti akonze njira zowonetsera kuti makasitomala apite ku misika kuti agulitse mapepala ang'onoang'ono ndi malonda kuchokera pa makompyuta awo.

Zolinga zamalonda zinayambira pamapulogalamu akuluakulu mosavuta kuwongolera makompyuta, mwachitsanzo; otchuka kwambiri MetaTrader 4, zida zamakono monga kujambula ndi zipangizo zamakono zotsatiridwa zikutsatiridwa mwamsanga. Chotsatiracho chikudutsa patsogolo ndikuwonetsa kusamukira ku zomwe zimatchedwa "nsanamira zamagetsi" ndi zipangizo zamakono monga; mapiritsi ndi mafoni a m'manja. Pazaka zaposachedwapa, kuyambira pafupifupi 2010, pakhala pali chidwi cholimba pa zochitika kuti zitha kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamalonda zochitira malonda ku nsanja, malonda ogulitsa malonda ndi magalasi / magalasi pamsika wam'tsogolo, wakula kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyo wa BIS omwe tawatchula kale, malo awiri akuluakulu ogulitsa malonda a FX ndi US ndi UK, zinthu zomwe zasintha chifukwa malonda amakono a intaneti anayamba mu 1990. Lipotili likusonyeza kuti nkhani za malonda ogulitsira malonda (zofunika kwambiri) 5.5% ya chiwongoladzanja tsiku ndi tsiku mu $ 5.1 trillion pa tsiku.

Otsatsa omwe akuchita nawo malonda aku forex ndi makamaka: makampani azamalonda, mabanki apakati, kukonza ndalama zakunja, makampani oyang'anira ndalama, mabungwe omwe siabanki, kusamutsa ndalama / mabungwe osinthira maboma, maboma, mabanki apakati ndi ogulitsa ogulitsa akunja.

Zogulitsa zamalonda zamalonda ndizo malonda a anthu ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa amalumikizidwa, amachititsa malonda awo (malonda) kupyolera mwa mitundu iwiri yambiri ya ogulitsa nsomba zapamsika omwe amapereka mwayi wotsatsa malonda; ogulitsa, kapena ogulitsa / opanga msika. Mabweta amagwira ntchito ngati wogula pa FX msika kuti apeze mitengo yabwino kwambiri pamsika kuti apeze malonda pochita kasitomala. Mabweta adzapereka msonkho, kapena "chizindikiro-chokwanira" kuphatikiza pa mtengo umene umapezeka pamsika, kuti apange phindu. Pamene ogulitsa, kapena ogulitsa malonda, amagwiritsa ntchito mitu yoyamba pamalonda, makamaka malonda ndi ogula malonda, akukweza mtengo wawo monga ogulitsa / ogulitsa malonda akulolera kuthana nazo.