Kodi kudula ndalama ndi chiyani

Lingaliro la kuwongolera ndalama nthawi zambiri limatchedwa mitengo yosinthira. Zimakwaniritsa cholinga chopereka bata ku ndalama mwa kugwirizanitsa mtengo wake mu chiŵerengero chodziwikiratu ndi cha ndalama zosiyana ndi zokhazikika. Zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'misika yazachuma pochepetsa mwamachenjera

Pofuna kusunga zikhomo zandalama, mabanki apakati ali ndi udindo womasula kapena kuletsa kutuluka kwa ndalama kulowa ndi kunja kwa dziko kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe spikes zosayembekezereka pakufuna kapena kupereka. Komanso, ngati mtengo weniweni wandalama sukusonyeza mtengo wokhazikika womwe ikugulitsira, mavuto angabwere kwa mabanki apakati omwe amayenera kuthana ndi kugula ndi kugulitsa kwambiri ndalama zawo mwakukhala ndi ndalama zambiri zakunja. Potengera momwe ndalama zake zimasungidwira padziko lonse lapansi, dola yaku US (USD) ndiyo ndalama yomwe ndalama zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kodi cholembera chandalama ndi chiyani?

1. Ndalama yakunyumba/pakhomo

Iyi ndi ndalama zovomerezeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosinthira dziko. Chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodziwika bwino yogulira ndi kugulitsa m'malire a dzikolo.

2. Ndalama zakunja

Ndalama zakunja ndi ndalama zovomerezeka zomwe zimaperekedwa kunja kwa malire a dziko linalake. Itha kusungidwa kuti isinthe ndalama ndikusunga zolemba ndi dziko lakwawo.

3. Kusinthana kokhazikika

Mwachiwonekere chake chosavuta, chimatanthawuza kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pakati pa mayiko awiri kuti athe kuyendetsa malonda odutsa malire. M'dongosolo loterolo, banki yayikulu imagwirizanitsa ndalama zapakhomo zadziko lawo ndi ndalama zina. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira yabwino komanso yopapatiza pamtengo wosinthanitsa.

Zitsanzo zenizeni za zikhomo zandalama

Dola yaku US

Taganizirani za dziko limene limaika ndalama zake ku golidi. Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kapena kuchepa kwa mtengo wa golidi kumakhudza ndalama za dziko.

Dziko la US linali ndi nkhokwe zazikulu za golide, ndichifukwa chake dola yaku US idakhomeredwa ku golide. Motero, iwo anatha kupeza malonda amphamvu a mayiko mwa kupanga dongosolo lathunthu lomwe linayendetsa kusasunthika kwa malonda a mayiko ndi maiko akuluakulu omwe akutsatiridwa ndi ndalama zake. Akuti mayiko opitilira 66 ali ndi ndalama zawo ku dollar yaku America. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko a Bahamas, Bermuda, ndi Barbados anakhomerera ndalama zawo ku dola ya ku America chifukwa ntchito zokopa alendo, zomwe ndi gwero lawo lalikulu la ndalama, nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi madola aku US. Motero, chuma chawo n’chokhazikika ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi mavuto azachuma kapena azachuma. Mayiko angapo omwe amapanga mafuta, monga Oman, Saudi Arabia ndi Qatar, adayikanso ndalama zawo ku dola yaku US kuti akhazikike. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko ngati Hong Kong, Singapore, ndi Malaysia amadalira kwambiri gawo lazachuma. Kuyika ndalama zawo ku dola yaku America kumawapatsa chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri pamavuto azachuma komanso azachuma.

China, kumbali ina, imatumiza zinthu zake zambiri ku United States. Potengera ndalama zawo ku dollar yaku US, amatha kukwaniritsa kapena kusunga mitengo yampikisano. Mu 2015, China idathyola msomali ndikudzipatula ku dollar yaku US. Kenako idakhazikitsa chikhomo chandalama chokhala ndi dengu landalama 13, ndikupanga mwayi wokhala ndi mgwirizano wamalonda wampikisano. Kusunga ndalama zawo pamitengo yotsika poyerekeza ndi dola yaku America kunapangitsa kuti katundu wawo wotumiza kunja akhale ndi mwayi wofananira nawo pamsika waku America. Pambuyo pake Mu 2016, China idabwezeretsanso msomali ndi dola.

Kusunga zikhomo zandalama

Dola yaku US imasinthasinthanso, motero mayiko ambiri angakonde kuyika ndalama zawo pamlingo wa dollar m'malo mwa nambala yokhazikika. Poyang'ana ndalama, banki yayikulu imayang'anira mtengo wa ndalama yake poyerekeza ndi dola yaku America. Ngati ndalama zikukwera pamwamba kapena kugwera pansi pa msomali, banki yayikulu idzagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zandalama, monga kugula kapena kugulitsa chuma pamsika wachiwiri kuti asunge mtengowo.

Stablecoins

Chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri za zikhomo zandalama, lingaliro ili lakhazikitsidwa mu dziko la cryptocurrencies monga Stablecoins. Mawu oti "stablecoin" amatanthauza ndalama ya crypto yomwe mtengo wake umagwirizana ndi mtengo wazinthu zenizeni, monga ndalama za fiat. Masiku ano, pali ma projekiti opitilira 50 okhudza ma stablecoins mu crypto world.

Ma Stablecoins amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'makampani omwe akukumana ndi kusintha kwamitengo pakati pa 5 ndi 10% tsiku lililonse. Kwenikweni, amaphatikiza phindu la cryptocurrencies ndi kukhazikika komanso kudalirika kwandalama wamba wa fiat. Amaperekanso mwayi wosinthira ndalama za crypto mosavuta kukhala ndalama za fiat. Tether ndi TrueUSD ndi zitsanzo zama stablecoins omwe amakhomeredwa ku dollar yaku US, pomwe bitCNY imakhazikika ku Chinese yuan (CNY).

Zomwe zimachitika pamene msomali wandalama wathyoledwa

Ndizowona kuti kuyang'anira ndalama kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wosinthira, koma mtengo wosinthira womwe umakhala wokhazikika ngati ufikiridwa moyenera. Msomali, komabe, nthawi zonse imakhala pachiwopsezo cholemedwa ndi mphamvu zamsika, zongoyerekeza, kapena malonda andalama. Izi zikachitika, msomali umaonedwa kuti wathyoka ndipo kulephera kwa banki yayikulu kuteteza ndalama zake ku msomali wosweka kungayambitse kutsika kwamtengo wapatali komanso kusokoneza kwambiri chuma chanyumba.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zikhomo zandalama

Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe mayiko amakonda kuyika ndalama zawo. Zina mwa zifukwazi ndi:

1. Zimagwira ntchito ngati maziko a ndondomeko ya boma, komanso zimathandizira kuti anthu akhulupirire komanso aziwongolera ndondomeko za ndalama, makamaka pankhani ya chuma chosatukuka komanso chosakhazikika.
2. Amathandizira kukhazikika kwandalama zokhazikika
3. Malonda odutsa malire akuthandizidwa ndipo chifukwa chake, mabizinesi amapeza ndalama zenizeni komanso phindu.
4. Pochotsa chiwopsezo chakusinthana, ndalama zonse zokhazikika, komanso ndalama zoyambira, zitha kupindula ndi malonda okhazikika ndi kusinthanitsa. Kuchotsedwa kwa ziwopsezo zachuma ndi kusakhazikika kumapangitsanso kuti ndalama za nthawi yayitali zikhale zopindulitsa kwa osunga ndalama.
5. Zimathandizira kuteteza mpikisano wazinthu zotumizidwa kunja pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana

Kodi zisonga za ndalama ndizovuta bwanji?

1. Ndalama zokhomerera mwachibadwa zimakhudzidwa ndi mayiko ena.
2. Kusalinganika kwa malonda kungapangitse kusintha kusintha kwachangu kukhala kovuta. Chifukwa chake, banki yayikulu yadziko lokhazikika ikuyenera kuyang'anira kasamalidwe ndi kufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ndalamazo sizikuyenda bwino. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, boma liyenera kusunga ndalama zakunja zokwanira pofuna kuthana ndi ziwawa zongopeka
3. Zikhomo zandalama zomwe zili zotsika kwambiri kapena zokwera kwambiri zingayambitsenso mavuto. Ngati chiwongola dzanja chili chochepa kwambiri, mphamvu zogulira ogula zimachepa, ndipo mikangano yamalonda imayamba pakati pa dziko lokhala ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo ndi ogwirizana nawo malonda. Pakadali pano, kuteteza msomali kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ogula zomwe zingapangitse kuchepa kwa malonda ndikuchepetsa mtengo wandalama yokhazikika. Izi zidzakakamiza banki yayikulu kuti igwiritse ntchito ndalama zakunja kuti isunge msomali. Ngati m'kupita kwa nthawi ndalama zakunja zatha, msomaliwo umagwa.
4. Mavuto azachuma, komabe, ndiwo omwe amawopseza kwambiri zikhomo zandalama. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yomwe boma la Britain linayika ndalama zake ku German DeutscheMark. Banki yapakati yaku Germany, Bundesbank, idakulitsa chiwongola dzanja chake pofuna kuthana ndi kukwera kwa inflation. Pankhani ya kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja cha ku Germany, chuma cha Britain chidakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli. Komabe, zikhomo zandalama zimagwirabe ntchito ngati chida chothandizira kulimbikitsa kuwonekera, kuyankha, ndi udindo pazachuma.

Malire okhudzana ndi ndalama zokhazikika

Mabanki apakati amakhalabe ndi ndalama zina zakunja zomwe zimawathandiza kugula ndi kugulitsa nkhokwezi pamlingo wokhazikika wosinthanitsa popanda vuto lililonse. Kukachitika kuti dziko latha nkhokwe zakunja zomwe likuyenera kusungitsa, msomali wandalama sudzakhalanso wovomerezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zake ziwonjezeke, komanso kusinthanitsa kwaulere kuyandama.

Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu

• Kutsatira kugwa kwa dongosolo la Bretton Woods, kusaka ndalama kunayamba kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zapanyumba ku ndalama zakunja, mtengo wa ndalama yapakhomo udzayesa kuwonjezereka kapena kutsika pa liwiro lofananalo pamodzi ndi inzake yakunja.
• Banki yayikulu ya dziko ikhoza kusunga msomali m'njira yoti athe kugula ndalama zakunja pamtengo umodzi ndikugulitsa pamtengo wina.
• Kuyika ndalama ndikwabwino kwa otumiza kunja chifukwa kumathandizira kuchita bizinesi moyenera popeza mtengo wosinthira ndalama wakhazikika.
• Ndalama yakunja yomwe maiko ambiri amatengera mtengo wawo wosinthira ndi dollar yaku US.
• Palibe kukayikira kuti golidi ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe dziko lililonse lingathe kukonza mitengo yawo yosinthanitsa chifukwa amapereka bata pazokonda zawo zachuma.

Chidule

Zikhomo zandalama zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamalonda a forex ndipo kuphunzira za iwo kumatha kutsegulira mwayi kwa amalonda. Kukulitsa chidziwitso cha misika, ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimakhudza mayendedwe amitengo, kutha kukulitsa luso la munthu logwiritsa ntchito mwayi wosakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa komanso mwayi wopindulitsa pamalonda a forex.