Umehluko phakathi kwemajini yokuqala nemajini yesondlo
I-Margin, kumongo wemakethe ye-forex, ingumqondo oyisisekelo okufanele abahwebi bawubambe ukuze bazulazule ezinkingeni zokuhweba ngemali ngempumelelo. I-Margin, ukubeka nje, isibambiso esidingwa abadayisi ukuze kube lula ukuhweba okunenzuzo. Ivumela abathengisi ukuthi balawule izikhundla ezinkulu kunebhalansi ye-akhawunti yabo, okungenzeka kukhulise inzuzo kodwa futhi kukhulise ukuchayeka ekulahlekelweni. Ukuze usebenzise amandla emajini ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemajini yokuqala kanye nemajini yesondlo.
Imajini yokuqala iyidiphozithi yokuqala noma isibambiso umthengisi okufanele asinikeze ukuze avule isikhundla esinamandla. Isebenza njengesivikelo sokuvikela abathengisi, iqinisekisa ukuthi abahwebi banamandla ezezimali ukumboza ukulahlekelwa okungase kube khona. Ngokuphambene, imajini yesondlo ibhalansi ye-akhawunti encane edingekayo ukugcina isikhundla sivulekile. Ukwehluleka ukulondoloza le bhalansi kungase kuholele ekushayeni kwe-margin kanye nokuvalwa kwendawo.
Emhlabeni oguquguqukayo we-forex, lapho izimo zemakethe zingashintsha ngokushesha, ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwemajini yokuqala neyokulungisa kungaba yisindisi sempilo. Inika abahwebi amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi baphathe ama-akhawunti abo ngobuhlakani.
Imajini yokuqala ichaziwe
Imajini yokuqala, umqondo obalulekile ekuhwebeni kwe-forex, iyisibambiso sangaphambili abathengisi okufanele basifake kubathengi babo lapho bevula isikhundla esivunyiwe. Le majini isebenza njengediphozithi yesibambiso, evikela kokubili umhwebi kanye nomthengisi ekulahlekeni okungaba khona okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwezimakethe okungekuhle.
Ukuze ubale imajini yokuqala, abathengisi bavamise ukuyiveza njengephesenti losayizi wesikhundla. Isibonelo, uma umdayisi edinga imajini yokuqala engu-2%, futhi umthengisi efisa ukuvula isikhundla esibiza u-$100,000, uzodinga ukufaka u-$2,000 njengemajini yokuqala. Le ndlela esekelwe kumaphesenti iqinisekisa ukuthi abahwebi banemali eyanele yokumboza ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka, njengoba imakethe ye-forex ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Abadayisi babeka izidingo zemajini yokuqala ukuze banciphise ubungozi obuhlobene nokuhweba okunenzuzo. Isebenza njengenetha yokuphepha kwezezimali, iqinisekisa ukuthi abahwebi banemali eyanele yokukhokhela ukulahlekelwa okungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhweba. Ngokugunyaza imajini yokuqala, abadayisi banciphisa ingcuphe yokungakhokhi futhi bazivikele ekulahlekelweni okutholwa abahwebi okungenzeka bangabi nawo amandla ezezimali okuphatha izikhundla zabo ngempumelelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imajini yokuqala idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ubungozi kubahwebi. Ikhuthaza ukuhweba okunomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuvimbela abahwebi ekusebenziseni ngokweqile ama-akhawunti abo, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Ngokudinga idiphozithi yangaphambili, imajini yokuqala iqinisekisa ukuthi abathengisi banentshisekelo yokuphatha izikhundla zabo ngobuhlakani.
Cabangela umthengisi ofisa ukuthenga ama-euro angu-100,000 (EUR/USD) ngenani lokushintshisana elingu-1.1000. Isamba sikasayizi wesikhundla ngu-$110,000. Uma imfuneko yemajini yokuqala yomthengisi ingu-2%, umhwebi uzodinga ukufaka u-$2,200 njengemajini yokuqala. Lesi samba sisebenza njengesibambiso, sihlinzeka ngenethi yokuphepha kubo bobabili umthengisi kanye nomthengisi uma kwenzeka uhwebo luphambene nabo.
Imajini yesondlo yembuliwe
Imajini yesondlo iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhweba nge-forex okufanele abahwebi bakuqonde ukuze baqinisekise ukuphathwa okunomthwalo wemfanelo kwezikhundla eziphakeme. Ngokungafani nemajini yokuqala, okuyisibambiso sokuqala esidingekayo ukuze uvule isikhundla, umkhawulo wesondlo uyisidingo esiqhubekayo. Imele ibhalansi ye-akhawunti encane umthengisi okufanele ayigcine ukuze agcine isikhundla esivulekile sisebenza.
Ukubaluleka kwemajini yesondlo kusendimeni yayo njengesivikelo ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Nakuba imajini yokuqala ivikela ekulahlekeni okungaba khona kwasekuqaleni, umkhawulo wesondlo uklanyelwe ukuvimbela abahwebi ukuthi bawele ebhalansini engeyinhle ngenxa yokunyakaza kwezimakethe okungekuhle. Isebenza njengenetha lokuphepha, iqinisekisa ukuthi abahwebi banemali eyanele ku-akhawunti yabo ukumboza ukulahlekelwa okungase kwenzeke ngemva kokuvulwa kwesikhundla.
Imajini yesondlo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingcingo eziseceleni. Uma ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yomthengisi iwela ngaphansi kweleveli yemajini yokulungisa edingekayo, abathengisi ngokuvamile bakhipha ikholi yemajini. Lesi yisidingo sokuthi umthengisi afake imali eyengeziwe ku-akhawunti yakhe ukuze ayibuyisele noma ngaphezulu kwezinga lemajini yesondlo. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nekholi yemajini kungase kubangele ukuthi umthengisi avale isikhundla somthengisi ukuze akhawulele ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe okungaba khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhawulo wesondlo usebenza njengethuluzi lokulawula ubungozi, usiza abahwebi ukuthi baphathe izikhundla zabo ngokuzibophezela. Ibadikibalisa abahwebi ekusebenziseni ngokweqile ama-akhawunti abo futhi ibakhuthaze ukuthi baqaphe izikhundla zabo njalo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi banemali eyanele yokuhlangabezana nemfuneko ye-margin yesondlo.
Ake sithi umhwebi uvula isikhundla esilinganiselwe esinosayizi wesikhundla esiphelele esingu-$50,000, futhi imfuneko yemajini yesondlo yomthengisi ingu-1%. Kulesi simo, umhwebi uzodinga ukugcina ibhalansi ye-akhawunti encane engu-$500 ukuze avimbele ikholi yemajini. Uma ibhalansi ye-akhawunti iwela ngaphansi kwe-$500 ngenxa yokunyakaza kwemakethe okungalungile, umdayisi angase akhiphe ikholi ye-margin, edinga ukuthi umthengisi afake izimali ezengeziwe ukuze abuyisele ibhalansi ezingeni elidingekayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abahwebi baziphatha ngenkuthalo izikhundla zabo futhi bazilungiselele ngokwezimali ukushintshashintsha kwezimakethe.
Umehluko omkhulu
Indlela yokunquma yemfuneko yemajini yokuqala ibandakanya izimo ezidala isidingo sokuthi abahwebi banikeze isibambiso esingaphambili lapho bevula isikhundla esinamandla. Ama-brokers abeka izidingo zokuqala ze-margin ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi abadayisi banamandla okusekela izikhundla zabo. Lezi zindlela zokunquma zingahluka kancane phakathi kwabadayisi kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izici ezifana nosayizi wesikhundla, ukubhanqwa kohlobo lwemali okudayiswayo, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuhlola ubungozi zomthengisi. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengisi baqonde ukuthi abathengisi abahlukene bangase babe nezimfuneko zemajini zokuqala ezihlukene zepheya yemali efanayo noma ithuluzi lokuhweba.
Imibandela yemajini yesondlo iqala ukusebenza uma umhwebi esenendawo evulekile. Isho ubuncane bebhalansi ye-akhawunti edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe isikhundla sisebenza. Imajini yesondlo ivamise ukusethwa kumaphesenti aphansi kunemfuneko yemajini yokuqala. Leli phesenti eliphansi libonisa isimo esiqhubekayo semajini yesondlo. Njengoba izimo zemakethe zishintshashintsha, ukugcina isikhundla esivulekile kuba nzima kakhulu emalini, kodwa abahwebi kusafanele babe nezinga elithile lezimali elitholakalayo ukumboza ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka. Imibandela yokulinganisa yesondlo iqinisekisa ukuthi abahwebi baqaphe ngentshiseko izikhundla zabo futhi banemali eyanele ukuvimbela izikhundla zabo ukuba zivalwe ngenxa yokunyakaza okungalungile kwezimakethe.
Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemajini yokuqala neyokulungisa kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile kubahwebi. Uma ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yomthengisi iwela ngaphansi kwemfuneko yemajini yokuqala, bangase bangakwazi ukuvula izikhundla ezintsha noma babhekane nemikhawulo emisebenzini yabo yokuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yehla ngaphansi kweleveli yemajini yesondlo, abathengisi bavamise ukukhipha amakholi wemajini. Lezi zingcingo ze-margin zidinga ukuthi abahwebi bafake izimali ezengeziwe ngokushesha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zemajini. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungase kubangele ukuthi umdayisi avale izikhundla zomhwebi ukuze akhawulele ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe. Ukuvalwa kwezimali okunjalo okuphoqelelwe kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezimali futhi kuphazamise isu lonke lokuhweba lomhwebi.
Isicelo esiwusizo
Inqubo yekholi yemajini
Uma ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yomthengisi isondela ezingeni le-margin yesondlo, iqala isigaba esibucayi ekuhwebeni kwe-forex eyaziwa ngokuthi inqubo ye-margin call. Le nqubo yakhelwe ukuvikela bobabili abahwebi nabathengi ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.
Njengoba ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yomthengisi isondela kuleveli yemajini yokulungisa, abathengisi ngokuvamile bakhipha isaziso sekholi ye-margin. Lesi saziso sisebenza njengesexwayiso, sinxusa umhwebi ukuthi athathe isinyathelo. Ukuze uxazulule ikholi yemajini, abahwebi banezinketho ezimbalwa:
Faka imali eyengeziwe: Indlela eqondile yokuhlangabezana nekholi ye-margin ukufaka imali eyengeziwe ku-akhawunti yokuhweba. Lo mjovo wemali uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhalansi ye-akhawunti ibuyela noma yedlula ileveli yemajini yokulungisa.
Vala izikhundla: Okunye, abathengisi bangakhetha ukuvala ezinye noma zonke izikhundla zabo ezivulekile ukuze bakhulule izimali futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zemajini. Le nketho ivumela abathengisi ukuthi bagcine ukulawula ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yabo.
Uma umhwebi ehluleka ukusabela obizweni ngokushesha, abathengisi bangase bathathe isinyathelo esisodwa ngokuvala izikhundla ukuze bagweme ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuvalwa okuphoqelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-akhawunti ihlala ingashintshile kodwa kungase kuphumele ekulahlekelweni okukhona kumhwebi.
Amasu okuphatha ubungozi
Ukuze ugweme izingcingo ze-margin futhi ulawule ubungozi ngempumelelo, abahwebi kufanele basebenzise amasu alandelayo okulawula ubungozi:
Ukulinganisa indawo efanele: Abahwebi kufanele babale osayizi bezikhundla ngokusekelwe kubhalansi ye-akhawunti yabo nokubekezelela ubungozi. Ukugwema izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu kunciphisa amathuba ezingcingo ze-margin.
Sebenzisa ama-stop-loss orders: Ukusetha ama-stop-loss orders kubalulekile. Lawa ma-oda avala ngokuzenzakalelayo izimo lapho amazinga entengo achazwe ngaphambilini efinyelelwa, akhawulela ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka futhi asize abahwebi ukuthi banamathele ohlelweni lwabo lokulawula ubungozi.
diversification: Ukusabalalisa utshalomali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemali ezihlukene kungasiza ukunciphisa ubungozi. Leli su lokuhlukanisa lingavimbela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ekuhwebeni okukodwa ukuthi kuthinte i-akhawunti yonke.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo: Ukuqapha njalo izindawo ezivulekile nezimo zemakethe kuvumela abahwebi ukuthi benze izinguquko ngesikhathi futhi baphendule izexwayiso zezingcingo ezingaba khona ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
Ukufingqa amaphuzu abalulekile:
I-Initial Margin iyidiphozithi yokuqala noma isibambiso esidingwa abadayisi ukuze bavule isikhundla esiphezulu. Isebenza njengesivikelo ekulahlekeni okungaba khona kwasekuqaleni, ikhuthaze izinqubo zokuhweba ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuvikela kokubili abahwebi nabadayisi.
I-Maintenance Margin iyisidingo esiqhubekayo sokugcina ibhalansi ye-akhawunti encane ukuze ugcine isikhundla esivulekile sisebenza. Isebenza njengenethi yokuphepha, ivimbela abahwebi ukuthi bangangeni ezilinganisweni ezingezinhle ngenxa yokunyakaza kwezimakethe okungalungile futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingcingo ze-margin.
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-margin kubaluleke kakhulu kubahwebi be-forex. Ivumela abathengisi ukuthi baphathe ama-akhawunti abo ngokuzibophezela, banciphise ubungozi bezinkinga ezihlobene ne-margin, futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi emakethe ye-forex ehlala ishintsha.
