ISINGENISO KUMAMAKI OKUQALA - Isifundo 1
Kulesi sifundo uzofunda:
- Iyini iMakethe ye-Forex
- Kungani iMakethe ye-Forex ibhekwa njengayingqayizivele
- Ubani ababambiqhaza eMakethe
Imakethe yanamuhla yangaphandle, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi: Forex, FX, noma imakethe yemali. Kuyinto emakethe yomhlaba jikelele noma "Over the Counter" (OTC) yezimali zezohwebo futhi yaqala ukwakha kusukela phambili kwe-1970. Imakethe ye-forex ihlanganisa zonke izici zokuthenga, ukuthengisa nokushintshanisa izimali ngesikhathi sabo samanje, noma izintengo zabo ezinqunywe esikhathini esizayo.
Imakethe ye-forex yiyona makethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngokusho kwe-BIS (ibhange lamazwe omhlaba), inzuzo yansuku zonke ye-forex ye-2016 yayingama-$ 5.1 trillion ngosuku ngalunye lokuhweba. Abahlanganyeli abakhulu kule makethe bangabhange bamazwe ngamazwe. Ku-2106 Citi kwakungumthwalo wephesenti ephezulu yezohwebo zangaphambili ku-12.9%. JP Morgan nge-8.8%, UBS ku-8.8%. I-Deutsche 7.9% ne-BoAML 6.4% yakha amanye ama-forex amahlanu aphezulu wokuhweba izikhungo.
Izimali ezithengiswa kakhulu ngenani yilezi: i-USA dollar ku-87.6%, i-Euro ku-31.3%, i-Yen ku-21.6%, i-12.8%, i-sterling ku-6.9%, i-dollar yase-Australia ku-5.1%, i-dollar yaseCanada ku-4.8% ne-Swiss franc ku-200%. Inani ngalinye liphindwe kabili (elilinganiselwa ku-2016%), ngenxa yezimali ezidayiswa njengezibili zemali. Emakethe lapho, ngokusho kwe-XNUMX BIS Triennial Survey, izinkampani zemali ezithengiswa kakhulu ziyi:
I-EURUSD: 23.0% USDJPY: 17.7% GBPUSD: 9.2%
Isikhungo esikhulu sokuhweba sezwe sangaphambili se-forex siseLondon, e-United Kingdom. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-akhawunti aseLondon angama-approx. I-35% yazo zonke izinkokhelo zokushintshaniswa kwangaphandle. Isibonelo sokubusa nokubaluleka kweLondon; lapho i-IMF (i-International Monetary Fund) ibala inani le-SDR (amalungelo akhethekile okudweba) ngosuku ngalunye lokuhweba, basebenzisa amanani emakethe eLondon ngokuqondile ngesikhathi saseLondon (GMT) ngalolo suku. I-SDR iqukethe ibhasikidi yezimali zomhlaba jikelele, efana nendlela i-dollar index ibalwa ngayo.
Imakethe ye-forex ngokuyinhloko ikhona kubahwebi bezikhungo ukushintshanisa izimali egameni lamakhasimende abo, inhloso yalo yesibili; njengemoto yokucabangela, ngezindlela eziningi umkhiqizo owenziwe ngenhloso yayo yasekuqaleni.
Imakethe ye-forex isiza ukuhweba ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ngokuvumela ukuguqulwa kwemali, isibonelo; ngokusebenzisa ikhono lokubandakanya ukushintshaniswa kwe-forex, inkampani esekelwe eBrithani ingangenisa izinto ezivela e-Eurozone futhi ikhokhe nge-euro, naphezu kwemali yayo yasekhaya ephakathi kwamakhilogremu amahlanu. Ukuthengiswa kwezimali kwe-forex kuhlanganisa ukuthenga inani lemali eyodwa nomunye.
Imakethe yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe ibhekwa njengeyingqayizivele ngoba inezici ezilandelayo:
- Ivolumu enkulu yokuhweba ye-$ 5.1 trillion ngosuku, emele isigaba esikhulu sempahla emhlabeni, okwenza kube nemali ephezulu.
- Ukufinyelela kwe-Global, ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo nokufinyelela amahora we-24 ngosuku izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto; ukuhweba kusuka ku-22: 00 GMT ngeSonto (eSydney) kuze kube yi-22: 00 GMT ngoLwesihlanu (eNew York).
- Izici ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi nezenzakalo zezindaba ezithinta amazinga wokushintshaniswa.
- Amaphesenti aphansi ezuzisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimakethe zemali engenayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso ukuze kube nokuthuthukiswa kwezinzuzo zokulahlekelwa nokulahlekelwa.
Ukuthengiswa kwemakethe ye-Forex kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngezikhungo zezezimali kanye namabhange okutshala izimali, esebenza emazingeni amaningana. Ukuthengiselana kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngenani elincane lamafemu wezezimali okuthiwa "abathengisi". Iningi labathengisi be-forex yizibhange, ngakho-ke lolu hlu lwezokuhweba lubizwa ngokuthi "imakethe ye-interbank". Ukuhwebelana phakathi kwabathengisi bezimali zangaphandle kungabandakanya amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezinyunithi zemali. Ukuhweba nge-Forex kuyingqayizivele ngenxa yobucayi bokuvikela ukuvimbela umphathi jikelele ekuqondeni empeleni imboni nemisebenzi.
Umlando Wokuhweba Forex wabathengi ngabanye
Ngaphambi kokudalwa kwamapulatifomu okuhweba forex ngasekupheleni 90s, ukuhweba forex ikakhulukazi kuvinjelwe ezikhungweni ezinkulu zezimali. Ngokukhula kwe-intanethi, isofthiwe yokuhweba, kanye nabathengisi be-forex okuvumela ukuhweba emgodini, ukuhweba ngokudayisa kwaqala ukubamba. Abathengisi ngabanye, abazimele manje sebekwazi ukudayisa lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukuhweba kwezezimali" nabathengi, abathengisi nabathengisi kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umkhawulo"; abathengisi kudingeka babeke engozini kuphela amaphesenti amancane wesayizi langempela lokuhweba, ukuthenga nokuthengisa amabhangqa e-currency ngemizuzwana.
Isizukulwane sokuqala samapulatifomu okuhweba ase-forex e-intanethi saphila ekupheleni kwe-1990. Ubuchwepheshe be-intanethi bavumela ukuthengiswa kwezokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe ukuthuthukisa izindlela eziqondile zokuthi amakhasimende afinyelele ezimakethe ukuze athengise izinkampani zemali ngokuhweba kusuka kumakhompyutha abo.
Amapulatifomu wokuhweba ekuqaleni ayesekelwe ezinhlelweni eziyisisekelo kalula ezilandelwa kumakhompyutha, isibonelo; i-popularly popular MetaTrader 4, izici eziphambili ezifana namathuluzi wokuhlaziya kanye nobuchwepheshe obulandelwayo ngokushesha. Ukuhamba phambili okulandelayo kwafaka ukuthuthela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amapulatifomu asekelwe kuwebhu" namadivayisi eselula afana nalokhu; amaphilisi kanye nama-smartphone. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusukela cishe nge-2010, kuye kwagxila kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi okuhweba okuzenzakalelayo ezindaweni, ukuhweba kwezenhlalo kanye nokukopisha / isibuko emakethe ye-forex, uye wanda kakhulu.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva lwama-BIS olubhekiswe ngaphambili, izikhungo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhweba ezizimele ze-FX yi-USA ne-UK, isimo esingaguquki kusukela ekuhwebeni kwe-intanethi 'kwaqala' ku-1990. Lo mbiko ubonisa ukuthi ama-akhawunti okuhweba okudayisa (okubaluleke kakhulu) i-5.5% yenzuzo yansukuzonke ku-$ 5.1 trillion jikelele ngosuku lokubuyisela.
Ababambiqhaza bemakethe ababambe iqhaza ekuhwebeni nge-forex ikakhulukazi: izinkampani zezohwebo, amabhange aphakathi nendawo, ukulungiswa kwemali yamanye amazwe, amafemu okuphatha utshalomali, amafemu angewona amabhange e-forex, ukudluliswa kwemali / amahhovisi amafemu ezinguquko, ohulumeni, amabhange amakhulu kanye nabathengisi bezentengiselwano bangaphandle.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-forex yokuthengisa kuyingxenye yokuhweba abantu abazimele nabathengisi abahilelekile kulo, baqhuba ukuthengiselana kwabo phambili (abathengisi) ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zabathengisi be-forex abadayisa abathengisa amathuba okuhweba ngemali yokucabangela; abadayisi, noma abadayisi / abenzi bemakethe. Abathengi abasebenza njengomphathi wamakhasimende e-FX emakethe ukuze bathole amanani angcono emakethe ukuze bahlaziye ukuhleleka ngokusebenzisana egameni lekhasimende elidayisa. Abathengi bazokhokhisa ikhomishana, noma "ukuphawula" ngaphezu kwemali etholakala emakethe, ukuze benze inzuzo. Njengoba abathengisi, noma abathengisi bemakethe, benza njengabaphathi bezinkampani, ngokusemthethweni ukuhweba ngokumelene namakhasimende athengisa, ukucaphuna intengo abadayisa ngayo / abathengisi bemakethe abazimisele ukubhekana nayo.
